Executive branch how long is the term

These positions advise the president and help carry out the responsibilities of the government. The heads of departments, agencies, and executive officials, except for White House staff, are appointed by the president and subject to confirmation by the Senate.

The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Tyson Brown, National Geographic Society.

National Geographic Society. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher.

They will best know the preferred format. When you reach out to them, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service.

Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. In an attempt to move the country forward after the Watergate scandal, President Gerald R.

Ford chose to pardon former President Richard Nixon. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students.

The president can also veto a bill passed by Congress, though Congress can still make the bill into law by overriding that presidential veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses.

The executive branch is also responsible for conducting diplomacy with other nations. The president appoints ambassadors and other diplomats and can negotiate and sign treaties, which two-thirds of the Senate must then ratify. The president also appoints federal judges, including justices to the Supreme Court , and has the power to pardon those convicted of federal crimes, except in the case of impeachment.

In addition to signing bills passed by Congress into law, the president can also issue executive orders , which direct how existing laws are interpreted and enforced. In an executive order, the president must identify whether the order is based on the U. Constitution or a law. Executive orders are recorded in the Federal Register and considered binding, but they are subject to legal review and the federal courts can knock them down. This is another way the system of checks and balances can function.

Virtually every president back to George Washington has made use of the executive order. The only president not to sign one was William Henry Harrison , who died after just one month in office. Partly due to his extended tenure in the Oval Office, Franklin D. Roosevelt holds the records for most executive orders, with 3, The Executive Branch, WhiteHouse. Executive Branch, USA. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present.

The three branches of the U. According to the doctrine of separation of powers, the U. Constitution distributed the power of the federal government among these three branches, and built a system of checks and The judicial branch of the U. At the top of the judicial branch are the nine justices of the Supreme Court, the highest court in the The legislative branch of the federal government, composed primarily of the U. The members of the two houses of Congress—the House of Representatives and the Senate—are elected by the citizens of the United States.

Laurel stayed in office from to when the Second Republic was abolished. At this point, the President of the Second Republic would overlap with the President of the Commonwealth. On September 17, , however, the laws of the Second Republic were declared null and void by the Supreme.

President Roxas was elected in as the third President of the Philippine Commonwealth, first President of the independent Republic of the Philippines, and the fifth President of the Philippines. He would usher in the end of the Philippine Commonwealth on July 4, , and the birth of the Third Republic.

Garcia, and Diosdado Macapagal as the second, third, fourth, and fifth President of the Third Republic and the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth President of the Philippines, respectively. President Ferdinand E. Marcos became the first President of the Fourth Republic and the tenth President of the Philippines overall. Marcos stayed in office for 20 years—the longest serving President of the Philippines.

President Aquino served as the second and last President of the Fourth Republic at the beginning of her term. A transitional, Freedom Constitution was put into effect in the same year. When the Constitution was put into full force and effect, the Fourth Republic was ended and the Fifth Republic inaugurated. She would be followed by Presidents Fidel V.

Aquino III as the second, third, fourth, and fifth President of the Fifth Republic and 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th President of the Philippines, respectively. Besides the constitution, the powers of the President of the Philippines are specifically outlined in Executive Order No. The following powers are:. The President of the Philippines has the mandate of control over all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices.

This includes restructuring, reconfiguring, and appointments of their respective officials. The President of the Philippines has the power to give executive issuances, which are means to streamline the policy and programs of an administration. There are six issuances that the President may issue. They are the following as defined in the Administrative Code of Executive orders — Acts of the President providing for rules of a general or permanent character in implementation or execution of constitutional or statutory powers shall be promulgated in executive orders.

Administrative orders — Acts of the President which relate to particular aspects of governmental operations in pursuance of his duties as the administrative head shall be promulgated in administrative orders. Proclamations — Acts of the President fixing a date or declaring a status or condition of public moment or interest, upon the existence of which the operation of a specific law or regulation is made to depend, shall be promulgated in proclamations which shall have the force of an executive order.

Memorandum orders — Acts of the President on matters of administrative detail, or of subordinate or temporary interest which only concern a particular officer or government office shall be embodied in memorandum orders.

Memorandum circulars — Acts of the President on matters relating to internal administration, which the President desires to bring to the attention of all or some of the departments, agencies, bureaus, or offices of the government, for information or compliance, shall be embodied in memorandum circulars. General or special orders — Acts and commands of the President in his capacity as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be issued as general or special orders.

It is important to note that during the term of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, he used executive issuances known as presidential decrees as a form of legislation. These decrees have the full force and effect of laws because at the time the legislature did not exist and, when the Constitution was put into full force and effect, it gave the power to the President to do as such.

This continued until the first year of President Corazon C. However, President Aquino opted to used executive orders instead of presidential decrees. The President of the Philippines has certain powers over non-Filipinos in the Philippines. The powers he may exercise over foreigners in the country are as follows:. Powers of eminent domain, escheat, land reservation and recovery of ill-gotten wealth. The President of the Philippines has the authority to exercise the power of eminent domain.

The power of eminent domains means the state has the power to seize or authorize the seizure of private property for public use with just compensation. Furthermore, Article III, Section 9 2 , provides that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Once the aforementioned conditions are met, the President may exercise the power of eminent domain which are as follows:.

Power of eminent domain — The President shall determine when it is necessary or advantageous to exercise the power of eminent domain in behalf of the national government, and direct the solicitor general, whenever he deems the action advisable, to institute expropriation proceedings in the proper court. Power to direct escheat or reversion proceedings — The President shall direct the solicitor general to institute escheat or reversion proceedings over all lands transferred or assigned to persons disqualified under the constitution to acquire land.

Power to reserve lands of the public and private domain of the government —. The reserved land shall thereafter remain subject to the specific public purpose indicated until otherwise provided by law or proclamation. Power over ill-gotten wealth — The President shall direct the solicitor general to institute proceedings to recover properties unlawfully acquired by public officials or employees, from them or from their nominees or transferees.

Within the period fixed in, or any extension thereof authorized by, the constitution, the President shall have the authority to recover ill-gotten properties amassed by the leaders and supporters of the previous regime, and protect the interest of the people through orders of sequestration or freezing of assets or accounts.

The President may appoint officials of the Philippine government as provided by the constitution and laws of the Philippines. Some of these appointments, however, may need the approval of the Committee on Appointments a committee composed of members from the House of Representatives and the Senate of the Philippines.

The President of the Philippines, as chief executive, has the mandate to supervise local governments in the Philippines, despite their autonomous status as provided by Republic Act No. Traditionally, this is done by the Department of the Interior and Local Government, headed by a cabinet secretary—an alter ego of the President.

Aside from the aforementioned powers of the President of the Philippines, he can also exercise powers enumerated in the constitution, and powers given to him by law. The constitution provides for a line of succession in the event that the elected President of the Philippines is not able to discharge the duties of his office due to death, disability, or resignation.

The following is the line of succession:. The Congress of the Philippines is mandated enact a law calling for a special election three days after the vacancy in the Office of the President and Vice President.